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Gravity.
All of the celestial bodies in the solar system are believed to have formed from a spinning disk of gas and dust called the solar nebula, which collapsed under gravity around 4.6 billion years ago. This process, known as the solar nebula theory, explains the formation of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets in our solar system.
No, the solar nebula was primarily composed of hydrogen and helium, with trace amounts of other elements like carbon and iron. The solar system formed from the gravitational collapse of this nebula, leading to the formation of the Sun and planets.
A solar nebula begins to form when a cloud of gas and dust in space collapses under its own gravity. This collapse can be triggered by a nearby supernova explosion, a shockwave from a passing star, or other disturbances in the interstellar medium.
Roughly 2% of the mass of the solar nebula consisted of elements other than hydrogen and helium. These elements include heavier elements like carbon, oxygen, and iron that were essential for the formation of planets and other celestial bodies.