Its size and temperature.
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The 3 factors that affect a star's brightness as viewed from earth, are: The star's age, distance from earth, and actual magnitude (scale a star's brightness is measured in).
You can find the luminosity of a main sequence star by measuring its apparent brightness and distance from Earth. Knowing the distance allows you to calculate the star's absolute brightness. Luminosity is then determined by comparing the absolute brightness of the star to that of the Sun, which has a known luminosity.
The main factors that affect the brightness of a star include its size (larger stars are generally brighter), its temperature (hotter stars are brighter), and its distance from Earth (closer stars appear brighter). Other factors like the star's age and luminosity class can also impact its brightness.
The two factors that determine how bright a star looks from Earth are its intrinsic luminosity (actual brightness) and its distance from Earth. Stars that are more luminous and closer to Earth will appear brighter in the night sky.
the size of a star