Yes. The inferior planets not only move faster, but also have a smaller path, to go once around the Sun. So, both of these factors contribute for the interior planets to take less time to go once around the Sun.
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Neither. Inferior planets are those that orbit closer to the sun than Earth. Superior planets are those that orbit farther out than Earth. Earth is the reference point.
From Earth's perspective, neither.
Superior means further from the primary than where you are speaking from; inferior means closer to the primary.
The planet Mercury is the only planet in our solar system that can transit across the face of the sun as seen from Earth. This event is known as a transit of Mercury and occurs when Mercury passes directly between Earth and the sun.
Superior planets are those that orbit the Sun outside the orbit of Earth. They have longer orbital periods than Earth and appear to move backwards briefly in the sky during their retrograde motion. Examples of superior planets include Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Element: Mercury, Closest planet to the sun: Mercury
The planet Mercury was named after the Roman messenger god, Mercury, who was also the god of communication, commerce, and travel.
Mercury is the planet closest to the sun.