The largest tornado even recorded caused about $160 million dollars in damage, but keep in mind this wasn't the most damaging tornado or the strongest.
The tornado with the strongest recorded winds caused $1 billion in damage (about $1.3 billion in today's dollars).
The most damaging tornado recorded caused the equivalent of $1.7 billion in today's dollars.
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A funnel cloud is a rotating, cone-shaped cloud that extends downward from a thunderstorm. While it is not considered a tornado until it touches the ground, a funnel cloud can still produce strong winds and hail. If a funnel cloud does touch down, it can cause the same type of damage as a tornado, including destruction of buildings, trees, and other structures.
There are a few major issues. First, it is very difficult to get wind measurments from within a tornado, especially at ground level. Damage is used as a proxy for wind speed. As a result, tornadoes that don't hit much are difficult to rate. Third, we are not exactly sure how well our wind estimates correspond with damage.
The Hallam tornado was a massive F4 tornado that destroyed much of the small town of Hallam, Nebraska on May 22, 2004, killing 1 person. The tornado is notable in that at one point it was 2.5 miles wide, making it the largest tornado ever recorded.
It varies. The tornado can vary in vertical extend from as little as 10,000 feet to as much as 60,000 feet. More violent tornadoes tend to be taller.
It varies widely depending on where you are relative to the tornado, how much rain and haze is in the area, and what else may be blocking you view. In good visibility a tornado may be visible from over 10 miles away. In the worst cases a tornado obscured by rain may not be visible until it actually hits you.