The inside of a planetarium is a sphere with the stars and planets projected on to it. The celestial sphere is an infinite sphere that we imagine has the stars and planets on it. On the celestial sphere only an object's direction matters and its distance is ignored.
A viewer at the centre of the planetarium sees stars and planets as they appear in the sky, but viewers in all the seats see approximately the right view.
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No, because there is no such thing as the celestial sphere. So there is no inner surface of a celestial sphere.
The largest sphere that can fit around Earth is the geocentric celestial sphere. This imaginary sphere has Earth at its center and encompasses all celestial objects visible in the sky.
No.
In the Ptolemaic Greek model of the universe, the stars are thought to be attached to the celestial sphere, a hypothetical invisible sphere surrounding the Earth to which the stars were fixed. This model placed Earth at the center of the universe with all celestial bodies orbiting around it.
The imaginary sphere is called the celestial sphere. It is used in astronomy to track the apparent movements of celestial objects as if they were projected onto the inside of a sphere surrounding the Earth.