No, double knitting wool is very approximately the same as medium worsted weight. I find that it usually goes further than worsted weight, though there is large variation between brands. It's best to check the ball band if you have a sample, which should give the recommended hook/needle size and the yardage. Modern patterns will often give this information too, in the 'materials' section. When substituting yarn it's especially important to work a sample swatch.
Yes, because you are knitting two stitches from the same stitch.
Usually yes. The best way to test it is to take a ruler and wrap the two strands together around the ruler continuously for one inch length (make sure the yard does not overlap, nor leave gaps). Then take a strand of chunky yarn and do the same. You should get the same number of rotations around the ruler for each. You may also want to note that using two yarns together of different colors will give you a nice heathered effect in the finished product.
Yes
Yes
The terms used by yarn manufacturers are very varied and there is no standard meaning to any of them. Chunky and bulky are obviously similar in meaning, but the only way to see if yarns are equivalent is to compare the weight to length information given on the ball band.
Yes.
No, French knitting does not originate from France. It is also known as spool knitting or corking, and is a type of knitting where yarn is looped around pins on a spool to create cords or tubes. The name "French knitting" may be a misnomer that led some to believe it originated in France.
no, it's about the same size as a ds lite, only more chunky.
Yes, if you want to knit. However, your knitted fabric will be full of graphite if you use pencils to knit. Knitting needles, however, are useless for writing.
The number of balls of wool and the ply to use is usually given in the knitting pattern. A test swatch is a good way to ensure there are the same stitches and rows as stated in the knitting pattern. When I was knitting (many years ago) balls (skeins) of wool was given in ounces!
Circular knit is knitted from different needle by different feeders high production cappacity, but flat can be knitted with same technics but fabric is not circular, low production than circular knit
A US knitting needle size 6 would be equivalent to a UK knitting needle size 8, or a 4mm.