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Superwash wool (or super wash wool) is wool that has been treated to avoid some of the problems with caring for wool garments. This relatively new process, called "bio-polishing", was developed by the USDA's Agricultural Research Service.

Have you ever pulled a sweater out of the wash to find it many sizes too small, and maybe several times too thick? This is the result of a process called fulling (sometimes erroneously called felting). It is generally caused by a combination of agitation, heat, and (possibly harsh) detergent. Fulling can also occur when cooler water is introduced suddenly, such as hot wash water followed by warm or cool rinse water, as many automatic washing machines do. The reason hand washing is traditionally recommended for non-superwash wool is to avoid these temperature changes and agitation. Fulling can be done on purpose to create a stronger, thicker fabric that resembles actual wool felt; it has become a popular craft in its own right. Felting is a different process entirely.

Superwash wool, thanks to the bio-polishing process, is machine-washable. At the same time, the process removes some of the damaged tips of the wool (which can cause itching) and makes the wool smoother and softer in general.

Source: http://www.livescience.com/technology/050613_wool.html

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