Two simultaneous kings (who were war and religious leaders), ephors (a council of elders), with a popular assembly of all citizens. Most of the populace weren't citizens - only the initiated warrior class.
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The Spartan government consisted of four main parts: the kings, the senate, the assemmbly, and the Ephors. The 2 kings who inherited the throne on a father to son basis. The Senate or Council were a group of 30 men, two of which were the kings. The others were elected and had to be over 60 years old. Their elections were based on an anonymous judgment of who could yell louder or they were elected by the Assembly. The Senate wrote the laws of Sparta. The Assembly consisted of any man in the city of Sparta who was at least 30 years old. Their job was to vote on whether a law would pass or not, elect senators, and decide whether to declare war on a country. The Ephors were a group of 5 men who made sure that the kings followed the laws. They were very influential, but had no direct power. 2 of the most notable kings (they didn't serve together) were Lycugus, who basically designed this form of government, and Leonidas, who led the 300 at the battle of Thermopolae.
The government of Sparta was an oligarchy, meaning that an small elite ruled the country.
Athens had a military
becouse there is water all over
Sparta was an ancient cicilzation but now it is modern.m Go on wikipedia to find out more.
Athens and Sparta did not fight over colonies. They did not have colonies to fight over. The Greek world comprised several hundred independent city-states.
Sparta was an aristocracy that had a Council of Elders. Athens was a democracy. It had a council too, of 500 men over 30 years old.