Nobody 'developed' quarks, they have always existed (well, ever since the Big Bang, anyway).
However, the current mathematical model we use to describe quarks was developed by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964.
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String theory is the theory that smaller than atoms or even quarks are billions times smaller things called strings waving closed or open bands this is a big supporter of Universe or Multiverse?
4He Helium has two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons.
Atoms are composed of protons, electrons and neutrons (save hydrogen-1, which lacks any neutrons). Protons and neutrons are baryons, which are made up of three quarks. Having said that, the quark, which is a fundamental particle, is smaller than an atom by a great deal. Further, the quark is smaller than either a proton or neutron, as both are made of three quarks. The electron is a fundamental particle, and it is smaller still than a quark.When we look at the fundamental particles as they are described in the Standard Model, only the photon and gluon, which are force carriers, are smaller. It should be noted that the way we relate "smaller" in this case is by stating a mass-energy equivalence and describing the mass of the fundamental particles in terms of energy. Use the link below to see a chart of the sixteen particles that make up the three generations of matter.
A quark may be one of several categories: up (+2/3 charge), down (-1/3 charge), charmed, strange, top, and bottom. A quark, generally speaking, has no subparticles of its own that are generally accepted or discussed, but, in terms of size, the gluon, the gauge boson that mediates the "glue" force between the quarks can be construed as "smaller" in size than a quark.
There is no evidence of a smaller particle than the quarks and electrons and other fundamental particles, but there is a theory of smaller particles called "rishons". The theory states that there are T, V, t, and v rishons. The T and t rishons are antoparticles, the T's having an electric charge of +1/3, and the t's having -1/3. The v and V are antiparticles, but they are both neutral. (Again, this is only theory.)