A mixture of down and up quarks and antiquarks. D-antiD, D-antiU, U-antiD, or U-antiU.
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The subatomic particles found in protons and neutrons are quarks. There are two types of quarks that combine to make either particle, up and down quarks. Protons are 2 ups and a down and neutrons are 2 downs and an up.
In an atom, the neutrons and protons are made up of up quarks and down quarks. Strange quarks, charms quarks, top quarks, and bottom quarks also exist, but do not play as much of a role in the structure of an atom.
Protons are positively charged subatomic particles.
No, they are now solid fact. Quarks are the fundamental particles which make up the protons and neutons of everything around us, as well as some other crazy particles such as the Higgs boson. There are some bosons (things made up of quarks) which are merely theoretical; we know they muct exist but have not yet found one, but quarks are definitely NOT fictional
Baryons are particles composed of three, "color-neutralizing" quarks. Protons and neutrons are the most well-known examples. Mesons are particles composed of a quark/antiquark pair. The pion is the best-known example.