It depends on how the word is used, as this can be either a pronoun or an adjective.
If you are directing it toward a specific person, then this would be used as a pronoun, because you are using the word to replace a Proper Noun.
If you are describing a specific thing, situation, or an item, this is an adjective.
That I am is a phrase, the individual words in the phrase are parts of speech. That -- demonstrative, determiner I -- pronoun am -- be verb
Noun--however, many words have several possible parts of speech; please submit the Whole Sentence when asking for part of speech--cannot be sure without seeing how it is used in the sentence, as that's what determines the part of speech.
The words "on the outside" are three different parts of speech. on: preposition the: article outside: noun
A noun (as are almost all English words ending in -tion)
The word precariously, like most words that end in -ly, is an adverb.
Conjunctions such and, but, & or.
"Teaches" is a verb. "Which" is a pronoun. which part of speech is become
'His' and 'he' are pronouns
Suffixes are parts of words, therefore they are not parts of speech. Parts of speech are full words like LOGICAL - CAL is a part of that word that is an adjective.
He, she, and it are pronouns, which are a part of speech that replace nouns to avoid repetition in a sentence.
infinitive
adverb
If "get along with" is considered a small enough number of words to have a part of speech as a phrase, it is a verb.
nothing
possessive adjective adverb
Conjunction
Many (if not all) transitional words are adverbs.