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What new technology developed by engineers helped scientists learn more about quarks?
Perhaps the most significant technology engineers have developed to meet design requirements of scientists who seek to probe the world of particle physics in general and quarks in particular, has been the particle accelerator. Whether they would be considered new is a matter of definition; the cyclotron dates back to Lawrence's design in 1932, but improved techniques and increased power has broadened the scope of the particles that can be created through improved designs and techniques since that time. Per the mass-energy equivalence formula, the higher the speed of the collision, the higher the mass of the particle that can be created; for the up quark this is somewhere around 2.3 MeV, for the heaviest - the top quark - the mass is significantly greater at about 173 GeV.
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