In the simplest sense, it is the creation of an illusion of depth. To achieve the illusion of depth one can do many things, but to considering the atmosphere, of course, is considering the idea of 'atmospheric perspective' (especially in a 3D image), one may try to communicate the depth, the lighting, the objects, perspective, among many circumstances to create the illusion of atmospheric perspective
For example: Creating the atmospheric perspective of fogginess, a painter may consider images closer to the viewer to be more defined and less engulfed by fog, whereas a figure further away may only seem a shadowy figure or silhouette.
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Atmospheric perspective is an illusion used to make a 2-dimensional art piece look 3-dimensional. Things in the back of the painting are grayer and less detailed than things at the front of the painting. This mimics how things that are closer to you are easier to see more clearly.
The 'Mona Lisa' belongs to the art movement of the Renaissance. The style is Classical Realism. It is also one of the first paintings to employ atmospheric perspective.
The perspective in art is the viewpoint of the artist. The formal perspective is the perspective that the artist wants the audience to have when looking at the piece.
Linear perspective is created by making closer objects appear larger than farther objects, proportionate to the distance between lines that recede towards a vanishing point on the horizon. Atmospheric perspective shows objects that are closer to the foreground with more detail than objects that are farther away. Realistic artworks normally use both.
Multiple perspective