Varsol, oil thinner, turps, lacquer thinner, xylene, and many others.
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turpentine produced from the sap of conifers used in varnish and paints.
The solvent evaporates and leaves behind the pigment behind.
Emulsion paint is water based - thinned with water, brushes cleaned with water.Solvent paints are thinned with solvents/thinners, and the brushes are cleaned in turps, etc.
No, there are some paints, like many water-based paints, that will not block air and moisture and can not be used on metal . Most solvent based paints, like an alkyd or lacquer, over a proper primer, direct to metal water-based acrylics and multi-part epoxies and urethanes can be used over metal successfully.
You can add solvent to soften paint. Not all paints use the same kind of solvent, however, so you may have to experiment (although the label, if it is not covered with paint drippings, should tell you). Many paints can be softened with turpentine. You can also use paint remover.