It's just another method to help prevent signal theft.
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No. A geostationary satellite appears to be stationary in the sky, which means not moving. This is a big part of the reason why it is referred to as a geo'stationary' satellite.
Yes - usually. The reason for this is that doing this requires less energy to launche them, since the launching rocket will use the Earth's rotation.
ARTS is a radiative transfer model for the millimeter and sub-millimeter spectral range. There are a number of models mostly developed explicitly for the different sensors. The basic principle for the development of ARTS is to provide a code that can be applied for many different applications concerning radiative transfer calculations in the microwave region. For this reason much emphasis has been placed on modularity, extendibility, and generality.
Satellite orbit the Earth at different altitudes. A good overview of Low Earth Orbit, Medium Earth Orbit and Geostationary Orbit can be found here: http://www.idirect.net/Company/Satellite-Basics/How-Satellite-Works.aspx
ARTS is a radiative transfer model for the millimeter and sub-millimeter spectral range. There are a number of models mostly developed explicitly for the different sensors. The basic principle for the development of ARTS is to provide a code that can be applied for many different applications concerning radiative transfer calculations in the microwave region. For this reason much emphasis has been placed on modularity, extendibility, and generality.