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What is ISO range?
An ISO range is how much a camera can electronically brighten a photo. It can be anywhere from 80 all the way up to 12,800. The only problem with higher ISO is the fact that when you use higher ISO it creates noise in the image making the quality of the photo deteriorate.
What part of a camera controls the amount of light that enters the camera?
The functional opening is the aperture, the opening that controls the amount of light that hits the photosensitive surface. You may have a camera with interchangeable lenses that screw into and out of the camera's body. The opening into which the lens is screwed is not the aperture.
How are ISO standards developed?
ISO stands for International Standards Organisation, it comes from when the sensitivity of films became standardised. It refers to the speed that your camera responds to light. The higher the ISO number the more sensitive the film or digital sensor is to light. If you choose to use a lower ISO(lower sensitivity) setting you will have to have a longer exposure, this is known as slow film. Fast film is when you have a higher sensitivity and a faster exposure. A higher ISO setting allows a faster shutter speed with the same aperture setting, this means the picture will have less Blur. The downside it that the Higher the ISO the more noise (or grain) your image has.
How would you set the ISO for shutter speed and aperture for correct exposure on a rainy day and why?
The ISO speed, shutter, and aperture are all interconnected. There is never necessarily one "correct" setting for all 3. However, if you're not shooting on a tripod, you probably want to set your shutter speed to 1/60 to reduce camera shake. To eliminate grain, you may want to keep your ISO below 400. It may be cloudy on a rainy day, so you may be able to shoot at f/8 or f/11. Of course, on most digital cameras you could select a shutter priority (meaning the camera will adjust the aperture for correct exposure at a shutter speed of 1/60) and then set your ISO to 400. The camera will automatically meter the scene and set the aperture correctly.
What part of the camera provides the selection of shutter speeds?
If the camera has a "shutter priority mode", usually called "S mode", then the shutter speed is controlled directly by the user when the camera is in this mode, by moving a dial or pressing a button (or both). If the camera has a "manual" mode, usually called "M mode", then the shutter speed and aperture are both controlled directly by the user by moving dials or pressing buttons (or both). Some cameras have automatic modes which allow the user to control the minimum and maximum shutter speeds that will be selected by the camera when considering all other factors. If the minimum shutter speed is reached, the camera will increase the ISO or aperture size to compensate for under-exposure. If the maximum shutter speed is reached, the camera will decrease the ISO or aperture size to compensate for over-exposure.
