For industrial uses, limestone. For collector specimens, vugs in limestone.
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Calcite is birefractive which means that its refractive index depends on the polarisation and direction of propagation of the light that reaches it. For more introductory information please see the wikipedia article about this substance.
yes its softer
Fluorite with a Mohs hardness of 4 would be scratched by quartz (with a hardness of 7). Both calcite (Mohs hardness 3) and talc (Mohs hardness 1) are softer than fluorite.
reaction to an acid
Calcite (CaCO3).