it is a mixture of glasses and colours, ground to a fine dust and mixed with water to form a type of paint. When pottery is coated with this paint, and then fired, the glasses melt and bond with the clay, and the colours change in the heat.
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The basic ingredients used to create pottery/glass are: Silica (This forms the actual glass or glaze itself when it is heated to 3100 F), Alumina, Fluxes (melting agents), Colorants and glaze modifiers.
Many glazes are made from crushed rock: flint is a source of silica, The colours may be natural, from rocks, or produced chemically.
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Since older pottery was made before microwaves existed, sometimes their glazes can be a problem if you try to microwave them. When in doubt, I wouldn't do it, since you may crack your pottery if it gets too hot.
regular pattern
who made the sylvan pottery
Wheel made pottery is handmade, too. It is just that wheel made pottery is circular and other handmade items can be other shapes. The opposite is factory-made pottery, using moulds and machinery.