well i don't know about non arthropods but this is what i know about arthropods:-
Arthropods have jointed legs and a head and segmented body parts called the thorax and abdomen. An arthropod's body is covered by a shell or a hard outer skin called an exoskeleton. It is made of a material called chitin. The exoskeleton has a special top layer, the cuticle, which is thick and tough. In crustaceans, the exoskeleton is sometimes called the carapace and hides the segmented body parts.
by kira 7G
A vector is simply an organisms which serves to carry or transport a disease, for example the mosquito (an arthropod) carrying the protozoan malaria parasite. Hence a non-arthropod vector would be a vector outside phylum Arthropoda, for instance, a dog (a vertebrate, from phylum Chordata) carrying the rabies virus.