The approximate proven US oil reserves are 134 Billion barrels of oil.
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I assume you are asking about oil and how much total oil we have left in the world. In the United States we have roughly 400 years or so (at current use rates) of oil reserves that we currently know about. Most of that is on the Green river formation which takes up all of Colorado, Wyoming and Utah. Some estimate that this is roughly 4 trillion barrels alone, others claim about 2 trillion. The Dakotas also have a large shale oil reserve. These combine to dwarf all of the middle east's reserves. Thankfully environmentalist's have made this impossible to obtain.
Yes, there are some very large reserves of graphite in the US. However, graphite is no longer mined in the US because graphite can be synthetically produced using petroleum coke. Petroleum coke is much more pure and economic form of graphite.
No.
There is no such country. Oil is an exhaustible resource and requires a great deal of technology to reclaim it. This is less true of water. In addition any country with a coastline has effectively an inexhaustible supply of water, albeit salt water.
Oil does not absorb into sand. It coats the sand allowing you to then pick up the now contaminated sand. Mechanics use non clumping kitty litter and this does actually absorb the oil. Lay a 1-2'' layer of kitty litter onto the oil spill and let stand 5-20 min depending on the amount of oil and the texture of the surface it is on. If the litter is completely saturated simply remove with a dust pan or shovel and repeat this process until the litter is no longer being saturated with the oil. Take a broom or brush or even your shoe and make a scrubbing motion with the litter into the oil stained surface to remove any residual oil and oil stains. Discard and your done