He absorbed Media into partnership. This was not an empire. The empire came later when they expanded through Central Asia, the rest of the Middle East and North Africa.
He established secure boundaries and divided the empire into 20 provinces each with a governor responsible for internal and external security, overseen by himself and his council.
He established secure boundaries and divided the empire into 20 provinces each with a governor responsible for internal and external security, overseen by himself and his council.
By leaving local government in the hand of reliable local despots, establishing twenty Persian provincial governors to control them, and enciuraging prosperity to keep the people happy. As well, they provided external security to protect from intruders trying to move in.
:3They expanded his territory and built a grand capital at Cuzco.
Darius the Great, who ruled the Persian Empire from 522 to 486 BCE, played a crucial role in consolidating and unifying the vast territories under Persian control. Here are some key ways in which Darius achieved this unification: Administrative Reforms: Darius reorganized the empire into administrative units called satrapies, each governed by a satrap (governor). These satraps were appointed by Darius and were responsible for collecting taxes, maintaining order, and ensuring loyalty to the central Persian authority. Darius instituted a system of royal inspectors (the "eyes and ears of the king") who traveled throughout the empire to monitor the satraps and ensure they adhered to imperial policies. Communication and Infrastructure: Darius improved communication and transportation networks by constructing the Royal Road, which stretched from Susa (in modern-day Iran) to Sardis (in modern-day Turkey). This road facilitated rapid communication and movement of troops and officials across the empire. He also built bridges, organized postal stations, and established way stations (caravanserais) along the Royal Road, enhancing trade and administration. Legal and Fiscal Reforms: Darius introduced a standardized legal code across the empire, known as the Codex of Darius or the Darius Code. This provided a framework for justice and governance, contributing to stability and predictability within the empire. He implemented a uniform system of taxation based on assessments of land productivity, which helped fund imperial projects and maintain the military. Cultural and Religious Policies: Darius pursued policies of religious tolerance, respecting local customs and beliefs within the empire. This contributed to social cohesion and reduced resistance to Persian rule. He patronized the construction of monumental architecture, including the building of the magnificent palace complex at Persepolis, which served as a symbol of Persian imperial power and unity. Military Campaigns and Diplomacy: Darius undertook military campaigns to expand and secure the empire's borders, notably against rebellious provinces and external threats. Successful military campaigns helped assert Persian dominance and reinforce central authority. Diplomatically, Darius engaged in alliances and treaties with neighboring states and subjected regions, further stabilizing the empire's peripheries. Overall, Darius the Great's reign saw the consolidation of the Persian Empire through effective administration, infrastructure development, legal reforms, cultural policies, military campaigns, and diplomacy. His efforts laid the foundation for the Achaemenid Empire to become one of the largest and most enduring empires of the ancient world.
Darius further refined what Cyrus had previously established - Satraps who were essentially provincial governors . ~ See related link below .
He established secure boundaries and divided the empire into 20 provinces each with a governor responsible for internal and external security, overseen by himself and his council.
He established secure boundaries and divided the empire into 20 provinces each with a governor responsible for internal and external security, overseen by himself and his council.
policies of toleration, tribute, allow people to keep culture/religion, keep leaders, and etc.
policies of toleration, tribute, allow people to keep culture/religion, keep leaders, and etc.
They left local government to the peoples they ruled, establishing Persian provincial governors to oversee and protect them, with central control by the king and his council.
the methods that the umayyads used to unify their empire was the common language and the coinage!
Mauryan empire.
his laws
Abd al Mallik unify the empire by making Arabic the official language of government in all Muslim lands
kushan
through faith and buddism