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Former President William Howard Taft was the tenth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He served from 1921 until a few months before his death in 1930. Taft was responsible for convincing Congress to fund construction of the US Supreme Court building. Unfortunately, he didn't live to see the result of his effort; the Supreme Court Building opened in 1935.
Federalist President John Adams nominated John Marshall, his Secretary of State, to succeed the ailing Oliver Ellsworth in 1801. Chief Justice Marshall presided over the court from 1801-1835, and is arguably the most influential Chief Justice in the history of the Court.
Answer 2
John Marshall was perhaps one of the most influential and well-known since he formally established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review through the case Marbury v. Madison(1803).
John Rutledge was briefly the second Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, from July 1, 1795 - December 28, 1795 (180 days). President George Washington appointed Rutledge to succeed first Chief Justice John Jay after Jay resigned to serve as Governor of New York.
Rutledge was a "recess appointment," meaning he was placed in office while Congress was away on summer recess, and therefore didn't go through the usual Senate confirmation process. Under Article II of the Constitution, recess appointments aren't finalized until the Senate is back in session and holds a confirmation vote.
Unfortunately for Rutledge, he had earned a reputation for erratic behavior and the Senate didn't think he was capable of handling the responsibility of Chief Justice. They rejected his appointment, which was such a blow to Rutledge's ego he tried to commit suicide by jumping into the Charleston harbor.
Oliver Ellsworth was subsequently confirmed as the next (third) official Chief Justice in March 1996 and remained on the bench until December 1800.
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