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The phrase is actually "Redeemable in Gold" rather than "Backed by Gold". Federal Reserve notes were and remain so-called Fiat money, i.e. paper currency that represents an obligation of the central banking system that is not dependent on precious metal.

The phrase was removed from Federal Reserve notes starting with the 1934 series, issued the year after Franklin Roosevelt took the US off the gold standard. It had appeared on previous Federal Reserve notes beginning with the first series in 1914. Strictly interpreted, the full phrase limited gold redemption only to those bills presented at the Treasury itself or any of the twelve Federal Reserve banks, places that the average person would rarely visit. The clause "... or lawful money" was never clarified but was interpreted to mean any coin or bill issued by the government, including other Federal Reserve notes.

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Q: When was the phrase Backed by Gold removed from Federal Reserve notes?
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