Checks and Balances
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abraham lincoln
executive privilege
Simple Answer: the US Constitution Long Answer: A whole host of other documents dealing with the structure of government from which the founding fathers constructed their own version. i.e. the Magna Carta, John Locke's works etc.
The phrase is actually 'we the people.' With these words, the United States Constitution established its authority on the basis of popular sovereignty.
He created separation of powers which made sure no one branch of government had too much power. This idea became the basis is the U.S constitution.