the population of the state
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by the number of representatives and senators in that state
The House of Representatives is favored by larger states because the number of representatives in the House for each state is decided by the states' population. This means that larger states have more representatives. Therefore, they will have more votes and a bigger influence.
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Electoral votes in the Electoral College determine the President of the United States. Every state and DC are awarded a certain number of electoral votes with which to elect the President. Each state has electoral votes equal to the total of the 2 representative the state has in the U.S. Senate plus the number of representative the state has in the House of Representatives.
The Constitution states that there will be two senators per state. With the current 50 states, there are 100 Senators. The number of members in The House of Representatives has been fixed at 435 members since 1911. The number of Representatives for each state is determined by population, with each state guaranteed one representative. South Dakota has one, California has 53. The number of representatives is re-apportioned between states every 10 year census. The highest number of representatives was 437 when Alaska and Hawaii were added in 1959, but reduced by re-apportionment back to 435 after the 1960 census.