He divides them into different parts that are called branches then they all have to work together and there has to be a vote that all of them agree on if they want to change something.
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Checks and balances between Congress and the president are intended to limit the potential powers of both.
The job of the president is to enforce the laws. The job of Congress is to legislate laws. Together they do the business of the government. The president doesn't share power with congress, but has his own duties. Congress checks his power by not passing laws, not approving appointments, approving the budget or not, and he needs approval of congress to declare war. Constitution tries to make a balance of power between the branches. Sometimes one branch will try to gain more power from other branches. Watergate changed the office of the president and it's power.
Congress
The balance of power between the three branches of government is even, since the founding fathers wrote checks and balances into the Constitution. The congress makes the laws, which can be vetoed by the president. The congress can over rule the president, and the judicial system can rule the laws unconstitutional.
Power of the purse: congress can limit funding on things like war the president supportsAppointment confirmation: congress has to agree on the appointment of officials by the president.Congress can remove a president that is not doing his/her job.