The President has the enumerated power to make treaties, which are U.S. laws. Two-thirds of the Senate must consent. Note that consent from both houses of the legislature is not required, and also that the judicial branch gives significant deference to the Executive Branch when interpreting laws regarding foreign policy because it is a power enumerated to the Executive. Also note, the several executive departments, such as EPA and Homeland Security, make code which is effectively law because the Legislature delegates such authority to the Executive.
No. Article III of the Constitution assigns that authority to the Judicial branch of government, of which the Supreme Court is the head. The Executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws.
Article III
Section 1: The judicial power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behaviour, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services, a compensation, which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office.
The Constitutional mandate of the executive branch is to execute and enforce the laws, while the mandate of the judicial branch is to "say what the law is"; that is, it can declare a "law" or part thereof unconstitutional. In the U.S., the federal government appoints the Solicitor General to advocate for the executive branch in federal court.
No. The President can express a personal opinion that a law is unconstitutional, but he (or she) lacks authority to make an official judgment. The Judicial Branch is responsible for determining the constitutionality of laws; the US Supreme Court is the highest authority on the subject.
The answer you are likely looking for is: "NO. The US Supreme Court declares laws unconstitutional." However, this oversimplifies the nature of the US Government.
Presidents have from time to time argued that various laws are unconstitutional and, therefore, they will not execute them. This is not terribly common and can be opposed by the US Congress by forcing a suit in the US Supreme Court, but it is possible. Far more common is the US Supreme Court using a particular lawsuit to determine whether laws are constitutional and declare when laws are unconstitutional. There is no recourse to a Supreme Court declaration of unconstitutionality except (1) a later Supreme Court declaration that the law is constitutional or (2) a constitutional amendment.
No
Determine whether a president's actions violate the constitution.
President or Supreme Court can find it unconstitutional.
Courts can judge legislative acts to be unconstitutional. This means that the Supreme Court can say that a law that the Senate has passed is unconstitutional.
It is very uncommon, in fact extremely rare when one compares the total number of cases the Supreme Court has heard with the number of cases the Court has declared a law unconstitutional. Courts will give a certain amount of deference to laws and consider them constitutional unless proved to be unconstitutional.
Veto
Yes because the legislative branch can overthrow the veto of the president. The only reason why the president would veto a bill is if it unconstitutional.
No
The Supreme Court is the head of the judicial branch of the government and has the responsibility to enforce the Constitution. If legislation is found to be unconstitutional then it is overturned.
The Supreme Court has the unwritten policy of judicial review. This means that they can check amendments and bills that the other two branches of the federal government suggest. If a law seems to be unconstitutional, and not written in the constitution, the Supreme Court can decide it is unconstitutional.
the president
The legislature decides whether a bill is acceptable to become a law when they decide whether or not to make it. In the process of becoming a law, the president or governor of the state has the option to veto a bill. Once it is law, judges can refuse to enforce it, and if it is unconstitutional the State or US Supreme Court can nullify it.
You can file in federal court to protect yourself from enforcement of a unconstitutional law. If you lose, you can appeal and if you win enough appeals, the case may get to the Supreme Court which can declare that the law is unconstitutional.
The Supreme Court can abrogate a law if they decide that the law is unconstitutional.
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Determine whether a president's actions violate the constitution.
President or Supreme Court can find it unconstitutional.