There's no possible way to pass inspection with a bad catalytic converter, if if you find out you have a bad catalytic converter during your inspection you have a chance after you after you have replaced the catalytic converter and the inspection no no charge/free!!
Nothing. I need it for my car. Would not pass safety inspection without it.
yes
No, it is illegal to remove a converter and not replace it.
Not if they test emissions.
The torque converter or the catalytic converter? The torque converter is inside the bellhousing that connects the engine to the transmission. The catalytic converter is inline of the exhaust pipe ahead of the muffler; it's probably the first bulge in the exhaust. Removing your catalytic converter is illegal and if your state has a vehicle inspection your car won't pass without it.
Yes.
Yes, it most certainly does. In fact it is illegal to remove the converter.
If one is referring to a situation in which a vehicle does not pass a smog inspection, there might be several causes. One might be the catalytic converter or an old gas cap.
Replace the catalytic converter.
For state inspectons if the vehicle came with a catalytic converter it must have one one it to pass the visual inspection to receive the state inspection sticker. that is Texas state law.
You can't, period. It is illegal to remove a catalytic converter without installing another one. Besides no modern engine will run correctly with the catalytic converter removed. Suck it up, buy a converter and have it installed.