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Differential gears don't measure anything. When you talk about "gear ratio", you are talking about the gears (ring and pinion), in the rear end. A 4.11 gear ratio for example, allow the engine to turn 4.11 times for every one revolution of the vehicle rear end. Other ratios could be 3.07, 3.50, 3.70 and etc.

Differential gears on the other hand, are the gears in the differential case (located next to the ring gear), that allow a truck or car to turn a corner. They are a set of 4 gears that allow the axles to rotate independently in the rear end when turning. They also allow the axle to pull equally on the straight road.

In common language, the term "Differential" is usually used in reference to the "Rear End", which is actually incorrect. IE "I have a 4.11 differential ratio in my truck".

The proper statement would be "I have a 4.11 rear end ratio in my truck".

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Q: What do differential gear ratios measure?
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