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Setting engine timing is different than setting ignition timing. Technically speaking, engine timing is the relationship between the individual cylinders and the opening and closing of
the valves when operated by the camshaft to allow fuel and exhaust gasses in and out of the respective cylinders. Most engine builders refer to this as cam timing or degreeing a camshaft. With variable cam timing entering the picture, these procedures are not for the faint of heart. These cam timing procedures are generic and not specific to any make or model. You should be familiar with the basics of how an automotive engine works.
Step 1
Before attempting to set cam timing, you should thoroughly educate yourself using the manufacturer's tech manual regarding the engine you are building. Doing so now will save a lot of grief later.
Step 2
The first step in setting cam timing is to determine "Top Dead Center" of #1 cylinder. This simply means that the piston is at 0 degrees of a 360 degree circle the crankshaft will make when running. Using a dial indicator mounted on a magnetic base, absolute 0 can be determined and verified that the timing marks are accurate. (It should be noted that most electronically fuel injected engines are not equipped with multiple timing marks, rather a dot or arrow embossed on the crankshaft pointing directly at a reference mark on the engine block.) By manually rotating the crankshaft, the dial indicator will peak, the start down as the piston reaches the top and starts back down. The peak point is 0 degrees, or "Top Dead Center". Set your engine there and proceed to the next step.
Step 3
Install the camshaft. The manufacturer will specify precisely how the cam should be installed, the cam gear attached, and provide reference marks as to how to align the cam gear in reference to the crankshaft drive gear. In other words, both valves belonging to cylinder 1 must be closed to allow for combustion to occur.
Some manufacturers require you to align slightly different colored links of the drive chain set between the crankshaft and the camshaft.
These links line up to specific teeth on the gears, or marks on the block. Others require you to simply count the number of chain links between alignment marks. In some cases, there is a reinforced belt used that must be slipped over driving cogs on the gears that are set at precise points. Whatever the case may be, this is how engine or cam timing is set. It must be right.
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