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Glow plugs work like cigarette lighters in your car. They get very hot very quickly. When you cycle them (turn on the ignition) the timer relay turns them on for approx 6 seconds to warm the air in the cylinders. On a Ford they operate at 6 volts so they don't burn out.

A diesel engine has no spark plugs but the fuel ignites from the heat of the air as the air is compressed. In a cold engine this would take a long time so a diesel has glow plugs to help with the process. They do wear out so if your diesel is hard to start when cold but fires right away after being warmed up check them out. You can do this with a multimeter. Check for resistance in the plugs. If there is a dead short then the plug is not working and not providing heat to aid in starting.

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Q: How do glow plugs work?
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