I just had my intake gasket changed on my 99 Monte Carlo for the same thing. My cousin is a mechanic and has changed the same gasket on several cars with the 3.1 engine. The gasket is about $60 - $75 plus labor.
I would suspect the manifold itself is leaking around the cooling passages. It will need to be removed and the gasket replaced.
UNDER HOOD, CENTER, REAR ENGINE AREA, ABOVE EXHAUST PIPE FLANGE, MOUNTED IN EXHAUST MANIFOLD.
you have a blown head gasket
You need to replace your intake manifold gasket. Chevy had a bad problem with these gaskets.
There are two, one located directly behind the rear Exhaust Manifold and one near the Catalytic Converter.
On the 3.1 LS model, the thermostat is in the intake manifold, just underneath the air intake, and between the exhaust crossover and the manifold. Trace the upper radiator hose back to a metal pipe from the engine, that is the thermostat housing. Replacing it means using a ratcheting box-end (10mm?) or open end wrench to start and finish, and fingertips for the rest, so NOT when the engine is hot! The thermostat fits horizontally into the manifold, and comes with its own molded gasket, which fits into a recess, and doesn't require gasket sealant. I just changed mine, so good luck.
video to learn how to replace the engine gasket..upper & lower gasket for 1999 Monte Carlo.
the coolant sensor is in the radiator on the passanger side the oxygen sensor is in the exhaust system on the manifold and the pipes and sometimes both
There are two oxygen sensors on your monte. One on the back side of the motor right after the coupler for the exhaust manifold and downpipe. The other is behind your catalytic converter.
How to replace head gasket on 05 3.4 monte carlo
I am have the same problem with my 06 Monte Carlo LT. Took to the dealer. Its a head gasket leak.