If you are using a Schedule C for your company, "bad debts" is a line-item on it.
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Non business bad debt deduction for what? if anything, the IRS will try to collect tax on it, considered as income
When a business has debt to collect, it is listed as accounts receivable on their books. This is considered as asset. When it becomes clear that the business cannot collect the debt, it must be written off as bad debt. This is done to remove it from the AR listing.
180 days
Doubtful debt is treated as asset because it is reduction in accounts receivable before it happen and at actual bad debt time it is offset against bad debt account. Bad debt is expense because this is the loss which business incurred due to bankruptcy or not receiving money from debtors.
Direct write-off does not correspond to the time of the initial debt. It charges bad debts against revenue for the current accounting period (i.e. when the debt is proven to be uncollectible).The allowance method is a set-aside wherein a business can retroactively assign bad debts to the corresponding revenue period, or to the one(s) following it.