Overhead absorption rate is calculated with following methods:
1 - Machine hours method
2 - Direct labor cost method
3 - Direct labor hours method
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method of overhead absorption
As far as I know there is only an overhead absorption rate and a full absorption rate. The alternative being marginal costing. There are 3 methods of absorption costing. These being Activity, Time and Efficiency but I'm not sure what you are asking exactly.
In absorption costing, overhead absorption rate or blanket rate is key to spread all overheads on production of volume of product, because if we don't have the overhead absorption rate manufacturing overhead cannot be spread or there is no basis for allocation of overheads on manufactured units.
Blanket overhead absorption rate is the rate used to allocate total overhead costs to number of produce units in traditional accounting system
One disadvantage to using a predetermine overhead absorption rate is the fact that the rate may be too much for any particular product. If this happens, then the price of the product will be too much.