Apollo
Hera originally gave Hercules 10 tasks. But 2 of them she didn't count because he had help. This is why Hercules had to do 12 tasks.
A "herculean" task (after Hercules' 12 labors).
Hercules
To perform his 12 labors.
Yes
He finished the tasks even though Eurystheus thought he couldn't.
twelve labors
Odysseus did not have specifically have 12 tasks, set apart from the rest. You are probably thinking of Hercules.
Everyone who wanted to get food to stay alive. Or are you talking about the legendary Hercules?
Comes from Hercules. Hercules was a greek who killed his wife and children so had to take upon 12 tasks called the labours of hercules.
Hercules was given 12 labors to perform in total. The original number was ten, but King Eurystheus added two more because he thought two of the original ten didn't count: Hercules received the help of his nephew Iolaus in slaying the Hydra, and received payment for cleaning the Augean stables/ the rivers her diverted into the stables did all the cleaning for him.