Anyone who lives next to pond will tell you they don't, unless the bloody things all honk in their sleep. At night they typically join ten-thousand of their flock blanketing the surface of ponds and joining in an extremely LOUD, disharmonious, honking chorus that lasts all night.
~Miserable Insomniac
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they generally roost on water.
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Geese gather at night on large ponds and lakes. Most of the flock will sleep but some members will remain awake and in almost a shift-like fashion take turns standing or rather " floating" guards.
Geese sleep on water because they know their predators can't swim. And if they're not worried about getting killed they will sleep better.
You can tell if a goose is sleeping because he or she will have turn their head so their chin is sitting on their back and their beaks are tucked under their wings. This is called "beak tucking." Also you will see their eyes turn white...and it's not that their eyes are turning color but their eyelids are white.
As for "Miserable Insomniac", he/she will only hear the geese honking/fighting during spring (in North America that is April/May). It is during this time that they are trying to find homes for the summer and frequently a goose will fly in trying to take over another goose's pond. Just like you would defend your home if a stranger came into it, the goose does the same thing. But once things are worked out between the waterfowl in the area, things quiet down.
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They normally sleep on the ground and will do so at night or at times during the day- when they are asleep they tuck their beak under their wing over the top of their backs.
i think they use the stars but im not positive. One of the theories of how geese fly at night is that they do use the stars to navigate. But no one is for sure.