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The immediate cause is the removal of vegetation. Unprotected, dry soil surfaces then blow away with the wind or are washed away by flash floods, leaving infertile lower soil layers that bake in the sun and become an unproductive hardpan. Overgrazing destroys valuable plant species, leaving mostly unpalatable ones. Losses of vegetation and biodiversity threaten habitat for other species.
Mountains often bordering a desert create what is in geographic terms a "rain shadow." The mountains stop most of the rain from entering the soon to be desert. There also has to be an overall shortage of water in the area in the form of shallow aquifers, otherwise it won't become a desert. Also more often then not the soil becomes poor in nutrients because of the lack of rain fall. Thus an area meeting most of these requirements will undergo a process of "desertification." Deserts can also be man made by draining the local water sources in area of low rainfall and high drainage of soil nutrients through excessive harvesting. Cyclical climate changes and ocean currents also affect an area's susceptibility to desertification. Also water scarcity deforestation and natural or man - made disasters. Causes of desertification include overgrazing and removal of vegetation cover.
Two main factors contributing to desertification are climate change, which can lead to changes in rainfall patterns and increased aridity, and human activities such as overgrazing, deforestation, and poor agricultural practices, which can degrade the land and reduce its ability to support vegetation.
Desertification can be the result of climate change; if rainfall decreases, a region can become a desert. The salinification of soil due to poor irrigation practices can also cause desertification by destroying the fertility of the soil.
# Poor farming practices,grow populations and regular droughts in many areas have caused deserts to spread
# Cutting down trees and shrubs for firewood and building materials also help deserts to spread
drought, desforestation, salinization, overgrazzing, climate change, and over use of land.
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Desertification happens when you have animals overgrazing, and when you have loggers clearing trees.
One cause is human abuse to the land. And the other often-ignored factor is the earth's natural cycles.
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