Charles 1 was a Protestant, he then married Henrietta Maria, which caused problems between Parliament and King Charles 1. He made changes to the church
for Henrietta Maria, which caused even more problems between Parliament and King Charles. Henrietta Maria, was a French Catholic, If King Charles was a Catholic, and then married a Catholic, then religion wouldn't be problem, as then England would already be a Catholic, but King Charles was a Protestant, and married a Catholic. Which wasn't approval, for Parliament,
This answer, answers a lot of question, not just what religion Charles 1 of England.
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Charles I became King as an incredibly religious Protestant, favoring the high Anglican form of worship. It is possible that his later private years followed Catholicism, under influence of his wife, Henrietta Maria of France.
it's most likely that he was a christian because all the royal family have to be one or they will have to step down.
please check if i'm right :)
Protestant
But he was a Catholic at heart (Norton Anthology of English Literature: Vol C)