The Euro is the official currency in the Netherlands and 14 other countries (more to come)
For more info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euro
This link will also show you what kind of banknotes/coins are available.
If your question is more about what kind of payment options you have, most places accept credit card, but mainly Visa and MasterCard and, in some cases, charge an extra percentage on top of the price/bill. American Express can be used, but not everywhere.
If you have a European bankcard (with the Visa Electron or Maestro logo) you can even pay in some shops.
Most bankcards will allow you to withdraw money from any of the (widely available) ATM machines, at no charge for withdrawals in Euros from a European bank (charges apply to other banks).
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The Netherlands' currency is called the Euro which is the standard currency for most of the European Union countries.