Hubs work at the Physical Layer (Layer 1).They're basically a signal repeater. Hubs are not recommended for use in networks because they only have one collision domain. This means that data being sent through the hub has the opportunity to collide causing it to be retransmitted (CSMA/CD). Also when a host sends data to a hub, that data is sent out all ports of the hub except the port that it came in on. This is a very poor utilization of network bandwidth because all hosts have to receive this data.
Switches are much more efficient than hubs. On a switch, every port is on its own collision domain. This means that the data will not collide with data from another host which eliminates the need for data to be retransmitted. Switches are also said to operate at "Wire Speed" which means that on a 10Mbit switch, each host has a full 10Mbit up-link the the switch. Because switches operate at Layer 2, they can see where the traffic is destined for and send it out through the interface that connects to the host that is required to see that data instead of to all hosts on the switch.
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Switches / Bridges and hubs work at data link layer, but there are layer three switches which operate at network layer. Dhruv
Layer 3
Network Layer
FTP operates in application layer of ISO OSI layered model.
Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Hubs are a physical layer (layer 1) device; most switches operate at the Data Link layer (Layer 2) of the OSI model.
It depends on what kind of model it is, but in the model for computer 321O, it is on the layer between trhe keyboard and the behind screen, and there is a button with the osi code and there says everything.
Switches / Bridges and hubs work at data link layer, but there are layer three switches which operate at network layer. Dhruv
All network devices have some component that operates at layer 1. Only hubs and repeaters operate entirely at layer 1.
No. Only protocols that users can see on their screen are considered Presentation Layer based. Hubs and repeaters operate on the physical layer, because it doesn't do anything with the data, it simply forwards it.
TheHub work on layer 1 i.e. Physical layer of OSI Model
Layer 3
Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model.
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
The NIC operates on Layer 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI Model.
Router works in Network Layer of OSI model