Those are examples of acronyms, the initials for the name of an organization or agency used in place of its name.
Acronyms are always capitalized; FBI (Federal Bureau of Investigation), NEA (National Education Association, National Endowment for the Arts, New Enterprise Associates, etc.)
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Honestly, no one knows with any degree of certainty. Speculation has it that 99942 Apophis, a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) will pass relatively close to Earth. When it was first discovered, belief was that Apophis would strike the Earth, however new estimates are that Apophis has a 1:140,000,000 chance of striking the Earth (generally unlikely). On the outside chance that Apophis does strike the Earth, its projected path of impact has been refined so that it would be most likely to drop into the North Pacific or Central Atlantic, with smaller likelihood of a land impact over Kazakhstan, Russia, Nicaragua, Venezuela, or the Senegal/Guinea coast. Impact energy is estimated at 750 megatons (the largest nuclear device ever detonated was approximately 56 megatons, and the Chicxulub event is estimated to have release 100 teraton of energy. A direct land strike would produce a 2.7 km crater (slightly larger than Barringer Crater in Arizona), and likely result in a impact winter that could potentially eliminate much of the life on Earth today. A water impact could result in an impact winter scenario, but would definitely cause massive tsunami waves that would travel the entire globe, creating varying levels of devastation along the Earth's coastlines. All of this speculation, without question, can cause a great deal of fear and panic, however, it is important to remember that the odds of Apophis striking Earth are in the winning the lottery while being struck by lighting and being eaten by a shark range.
> Low Tide ◘ High Tide § Spring Tide ► Neap TideThere are several different kinds of tides. There is ebb tide, when the tide goes out, flood tide is when the tide comes in. There is also neap tides, spring tides, diurnal tides.