By inhaling pathogens from a sick person's sneeze or cough
the transmission of pathogens - bacteria, viruses, spores- in the atmosphere from person to persons for example coughing and sneezing expels the dust, pathogens etc out of the airways into the atmosphere where they can easily be inhaled by anyone or settle on inate objects to be transferred at a later date.
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Droplet transmission occurs when respiratory droplets carrying infectious agents travel short distances (typically within 3 feet) through coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing. Airborne transmission involves the dissemination of infectious agents through smaller particles that can remain suspended in the air for longer periods and may travel farther distances, increasing the risk of transmission.
Airborne pathogens can be trapped by various methods such as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems, and physical barriers like masks or face shields. These traps help to prevent the spread of airborne diseases by capturing and/or inactivating the pathogens before they can be inhaled by people.
descibe the modes of transfer of pathogens
Yes, you can, provided it is someone else's sneeze or cough. Airborne pathogens travel very far from the person who openly sneezes, and coughs can also release airborne pathogens that others can pick up.
No. Transmission is primarily via the fecal-oral route as the virus is excreted in an infected person's feces; good hand-washing habits can help prevent the spread of infection.
Pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact (e.g. touching an infected person), indirect contact (e.g. touching a contaminated surface), droplet transmission (e.g. through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing), and airborne transmission (e.g. through tiny particles that remain suspended in the air).
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By inhaling pathogens from a sick person's sneeze or cough
Airborne precautions are required to protect against airborne transmission of infectious agents.Diseases requiring airborne precautions include, but are not limited to: Measles, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Varicella (chickenpox), and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Preventing airborne transmission requires personal respiratory protection and special ventilation and air handling.