Generally fruit ripens due to exposure to oxygen. During transit and storage some produce is set in oxygen deficient environments to control this effect. Various fruit contain chemicals (such as the hormone ethylene) that mediate ripening.
In most fruits, ripening is accomplished by the change of starches to sugar.
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Ethylene gas is a naturally occurring process in plants that causes fruit to ripen. You can place several unripened avocadoes in a brown bag for example, and seal the open end, and hasten the ripening process because you've concentrated and trapped the ethylene gas. In commercial agriculture, however, it is a common practice for fruit to be harvested green, say in the case of tomatoes, and transported, whereupon it is ripened by the introduction of ethylene gas. (This is why vine ripened tomatoes taste better than most tomatoes in the grocery store.) Ethylene gas can also hasten the rotting process, which is why, for example, apples are not supposed to be stored near potatoes, because of the adverse effect the gas has on them.
Ethylene. Supermarkets also pump ethylene gas into fruit lockers to promote ripening after fruit has been picked green for shipping purposes.
Fruit ripening is caused by ethylene, a gaseous hormone produced by the plants themselves. The fruit processing industry uses artificial ethylene to quicken the process.
Ethylen /ethene is the hormone that accelerates the ripening of fruits. One of the commercial applicator is Ethephon.