nothing
It will detect it in the hardware list, but it will be unable to read the data on it. There are 3rd-party programs that can read most Linux file systems from Windows. Some of them are listed in the "Related links" section below.
You can set up file sharing between windows 7 and Linux mint 16 by simply installing the Ext2 Installable File System on windows which allow windows to read and write into the Linux file system.
You get a copy of the mspaint.exe file from Windows XP, and move it to your Windows Vista computer.
The file systems supported by Windows XP and Windows Vista are essentially the same. However, Windows Vista does not support booting from FAT32 partitions, and Windows XP does not support Windows Vista's Shadow Copy feature (which makes automatic backups of files) and will delete the backups if it accesses an NTFS Windows Vista partition.
NTLDR
NTLDR
The Hard Drive with Windows Vista installed on it would not work in Windows 98 unless you reformatted it using the FAT32 File System, thus erasing all data. Windows Vista uses the NTFS file system, which is not supported by Windows 98.
Windows uses 4 file systems: FAT, NTFS, exFAT, and ReFS. "Linux" supports dozens of file systems, there are too many to mention. The differences between them are massive and specific to the file system in question. For a proper answer you need to read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system . It is incorrect to say "the Linux file system is faster than Windows" because it's dependent on the data, and of course because there is no "Linux file system." It's incorrect to say "The Linux filesystem is more/less secure than the Windows file system" for the same reason. Drive encryption is available in both Windows and Linux. To the average user, there is no functional difference.
reinstall
NTFS
bootmgr.exe
There are programs you can download that will read Linux file systems. Common file systems are ext2 and ext3.