The main function of lymph nodes is to act as a drainage system by absorbing and expelling proteins, dead cells, bacteria and other waste products from the body. Basically they clean and filter the lymph before it is returned to the blood.
They are also a major part of the immune system, as they produce antibodies and lymphocytes.
If there is an infection present in the body, the lymph nodes produce more lymphocytes to combat the infection. As they are very active at this stage, they may swell and become painful and hot...
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The lymphnode system's primary function is immunity. If it weren't for this system we would probably not exist. Other functions include: fluid and protein balance, digestion, excretion and transportation of nutrients.