A driver must not stop in an intersection or on a road within 20 m of the nearest point of an intersecting road at an intersection with traffic lights. A driver must not stop in an intersection or on a road within 10 m from the nearest point of an intersecting road at an intersection without traffic lights.
General rules of the road state that you must clear the intersection by the time the red light illuminates; if there was traffic preventing you from clearing the intersection before you entered it on a yellow light then you should not have entered the intersection because of impediments to traffic.
The drivers of the vehicles comprising the traffic on the road guide this traffic, as the laws/rules of the road dictate.
By "amber" I assume you mean yellow. A yellow traffic light indicates that your "right of way" is ending within the next couple seconds. When the light turns yellow you shouldn't enter the intersection if you haven't already, unless you've reached "The point of no return". It's not illegal to go through the intersection while the traffic light is yellow, but if you can stop you should, if you can't stop then go through the intersection (determined by your own judgement). A yellow light is basically a warning of a red light coming, where it is illegal to proceed through the intersection. The duration of a yellow light depends on the road the traffic light is governing. For a side road the traffic light may only show a yellow for around 3 seconds, for a major road such as a state road or US Highway, the traffic light may show a yellow for 4-6 seconds. These timings all depend on the road that the traffic light is governing and what the speed limit is for that road.
All traffic turning right now has to give way to a vehicle coming from the opposite direction and turning left; and at an uncontrolled T-intersection, all traffic from a terminating road (the bottom of the T) will be required to give way to traffic on the continuing road (top of the T). "The top of the T goes before me."
Rules of the road depend on where you live. What is true in one country might not be true in another.
R. K. McKelvey has written: 'Perception of road rules and priorities after experience with a comprehensive intersection control programme' -- subject(s): Automobile drivers, Psychology, Traffic regulations
Some advantages to traffic rules include that they keep the roads safer, and they alert drivers to upcoming road conditions. A disadvantage to traffic rules is that not everyone understands them, and they are not always enforced.
Controlled Intersection
Drive through left side of the road. Walk on the right hand side of the road. Obey traffic signals. Obey speed limits.
Traffic approaching the light is to stop. If the way is clear, traffic can then proceed through the intersection.
A yield sign at a traffic light is typically used to enforce specific rules at an intersection, such as requiring drivers to yield to pedestrians or oncoming traffic before proceeding. This helps regulate the flow of traffic and ensures safety.