The load load balancing solution is recommeneded on linux based servers although not necessary it will improve load performace.
A server with a Linux distribution installed on it.
A server that runs an operating system based on the Linux kernel.
Server based operating systems have the function embedded. If you do not have one you can use on of free linux-based operating systems.
There are many proxy servers. squid danted privoxy tinyproxy
For this purpose you need a server OS, for instance, windows server 2000, windows server 2003, windows server 2008 and so on or Linux based systems as well as Unix. For windows it's very simple just add role for your server to be a domain controller and follow instructions. For Linux based systems as well as Unix you can find information in Google there is a lot of it.
To function as a server a computer must be running as a WINDOWS based server i.e windows 2000, windows NT, windows 2k3, windows 2k8 editions of server installed on computer the server could be Linux based as well.
iptables is the current host-based, Linux IP stateful firewall and routing service that can be enabled in your Fedora Linux Server. It controls incoming and outgoing network connections and either allows, disallows, or forwards requests based on a set of defined rule sets you configure within the firewall application itself.
There are really to many to accurately list Generally Linux is deployed for most dedicated servers and host and array of different things the most common of which is LAMP (Linux Apache MYSQL PHP) which is the Linux based Web Server package
Linux hosting involves hosting your website on a Linux based server in order to make use of additional coding and programing not available to other operating systems. You can find more information about Linux hosting at the Webhosting Top website.
Linux based servers typically offer the best high availability clusters. Many hosting companies offer linux as an option.
They are totally different things; the best one to learn is based on your particular interests.
No, but Linux is based on Unix since Linux is a Unix clone.