Frescoes were made by painting waterbased paint on fresh plaster. This caused the paint to sink into the plaster, thus making it much more permanent than painting on a dried surface. Leonardo da vinci's famous Last Supper is a fresco and even though it is damaged, it still has lasted over 400 years.
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Two possible reasons: Oil paint on a smooth surface makes for easier painting small details than fresco paint on a wall. A fresco is usually a large-format mural, intended to be seen from a distance.
Leonardo da Vinci is the artist and scientist who painted the 'Last Supper'. The fresco is in the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan. Considered to be in the movement of the Renaissance.
A Fresco
Affresco ( In English usage, "fresco" ). Painting done on freshly laid wet plaster with pigments dissolved in lime water. As both dry they become completely integrated. In true fresco the artist must start applying his colors on the wet (or fresco) intonaco as soon as it has been prepared and laid on the wall. The colors can thus be absorbed by the wet plaster. When it dries and hardens, the colors become one with plaster.