A cow will continuously eat until the first stomach compartment is full, it will then rest and regurgitate the food. They will do this by belching or regurgitating small boluses of undigested feedstuffs. This bolus will enter into the mouth for re chewing, then swallowed into the remaining stomachs. This process will repeat itself until the feed has been fully chewed and all four compartments have been filled.
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Because they are ruminants, meaning they regurgitate and chew their feed and swallow it. Repeating the process so all the nutrients have been absorbed by the four stomachs.
Bits of partially fermented/digested grass, hay, silage, grain, those sort of things.