Smell and x-ray.These scanners have very sensitive smell receptors that can pick up the slightest trace of marijuana and other drugs, even if they are stuffed in your bottom.
X-rays can detect drugs in luggage.
Airports also use sniffer dogs to detect drugs and other contraband.
Some even use hand-held boxes full of bumble bees (seriously, bees can be trained to go crazy if they detect drugs).
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Yes. They can't necessarily tell that it's cocaine, but they'll see a bag full of something, and the security agent is likely to be curious as to why anyone would carry a bag of loose powdery material onto an airplane.
They detect many things. If they don't find the drugs the dogs who sniff out drugs will. Your behavior is also a good sign you are up to something.